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Compare Coral Sea Islands (2004) - Papua New Guinea (2002)

Compare Coral Sea Islands (2004) z Papua New Guinea (2002)

 Coral Sea Islands (2004)Papua New Guinea (2002)
 Coral Sea IslandsPapua New Guinea
Administrative divisions - 20 provinces; Bougainville, Central, Chimbu, Eastern Highlands, East New Britain, East Sepik, Enga, Gulf, Madang, Manus, Milne Bay, Morobe, National Capital, New Ireland, Northern, Sandaun, Southern Highlands, Western, Western Highlands, West New Britain
Age structure - 0-14 years: 38.6% (male 1,013,936; female 980,841)


15-64 years: 57.7% (male 1,544,650; female 1,440,628)


65 years and over: 3.7% (male 90,661; female 101,317) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products - coffee, cocoa, coconuts, palm kernels, tea, rubber, sweet potatoes, fruit, vegetables; poultry, pork
Airports - 490 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways - total: 21


2,438 to 3,047 m: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 14


914 to 1,523 m: 4


under 914 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total: 470


1,524 to 2,437 m: 11


914 to 1,523 m: 56


under 914 m: 403 (2002)
Area total: less than 3 sq km


land: less than 3 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes numerous small islands and reefs scattered over a sea area of about 780,000 sq km, with the Willis Islets the most important		 total: 462,840 sq km


land: 452,860 sq km


water: 9,980 sq km
Area - comparative NA slightly larger than California
Background Scattered over some 1 million square kilometers of ocean, the Coral Sea Islands were declared a territory of Australia in 1969. They are uninhabited except for a small meteorological staff on the Willis Islets. Automated weather stations, beacons, and a lighthouse occupy many other islands and reefs. The eastern half of the island of New Guinea - second largest in the world - was divided between Germany (north) and the UK (south) in 1885. The latter area was transferred to Australia in 1902, which occupied the northern portion during World War I and continued to administer the combined areas until independence in 1975. A nine-year secessionist revolt on the island of Bougainville ended in 1997, after claiming some 20,000 lives.
Birth rate - 31.61 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget - revenues: $894 million


expenditures: $1.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $344 million (2000 est.)
Capital - Port Moresby
Climate tropical tropical; northwest monsoon (December to March), southeast monsoon (May to October); slight seasonal temperature variation
Coastline 3,095 km 5,152 km
Constitution - 16 September 1975
Country name conventional long form: Coral Sea Islands Territory


conventional short form: Coral Sea Islands		 conventional long form: Independent State of Papua New Guinea


conventional short form: Papua New Guinea


former: Territory of Papua and New Guinea


abbreviation: PNG
Currency - kina (PGK)
Death rate - 7.75 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external - $2.6 billion (2000 est.)
Dependency status territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Department of the Environment, Sport, and Territories -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (territory of Australia) chief of mission: Ambassador Susan S. JACOBS


embassy: Douglas Street (adjacent to the Bank of Papua New Guinea), Port Moresby


mailing address: P. O. Box 1492, Port Moresby, HCD121


telephone: [675] 321-1455


FAX: [675] 321-1593
Diplomatic representation in the US none (territory of Australia) chief of mission: Ambassador Nagora Y. BOGAN


chancery: 1779 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Suite 805, Washington, DC 20036


telephone: [1] (202) 745-3680


FAX: [1] (202) 745-3679
Disputes - international none none
Economic aid - recipient - $400 million (1999 est.)
Economy - overview no economic activity Papua New Guinea is richly endowed with natural resources, but exploitation has been hampered by rugged terrain and the high cost of developing infrastructure. Agriculture provides a subsistence livelihood for 85% of the population. Mineral deposits, including oil, copper, and gold, account for 72% of export earnings. The economy has declined over the past two years and will probably continue to falter in 2002. Prime Minister Mekere MORAUTA has tried to restore integrity to state institutions, stabilize the kina, restore stability to the national budget, privatize public enterprises where appropriate, and ensure ongoing peace on Bougainville. The government has had considerable success in attracting international support, specifically gaining the support of the IMF and the World Bank in securing development assistance loans. Significant challenges remain for MORAUTA, however, including gaining further investor confidence, specifically for the proposed Papua New Guinea-Australia oil pipeline, continuing efforts to privatize government assets, and maintaining the support of members of Parliament.
Electricity - consumption - 1.535 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports - 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production - 1.65 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel: 55%


hydro: 45%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location on Cato Island 6 m		 lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: Mount Wilhelm 4,509 m
Environment - current issues no permanent fresh water resources rain forest subject to deforestation as a result of growing commercial demand for tropical timber; pollution from mining projects; severe drought
Environment - international agreements - party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Ethnic groups - Melanesian, Papuan, Negrito, Micronesian, Polynesian
Exchange rates - kina per US dollar - 3.706 (January 2002), 3.374 (2001), 2.765 (2000), 2.539 (1999), 2.058 (1998), 1.434 (1997)
Executive branch administered from Canberra by the Department of the Environment, Sport, and Territories chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Sir Silas ATOPARE (since 13 November 1997)


head of government: Prime Minister Sir Michael SOMARE (since NA August 2002); Deputy Prime Minister Allan MARAT (since NA August 2002)


cabinet: National Executive Council appointed by the governor general on the recommendation of the prime minister


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the National Executive Council; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition usually is appointed prime minister by the governor general
Exports - $1.8 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.)
Exports - commodities - oil, gold, copper ore, logs, palm oil, coffee, cocoa, crayfish, prawns
Exports - partners - Australia 30%, Japan 11%, China 6%, Germany 4%, South Korea 4%, UK 3%, Philippines 1%, US 1% (2000)
Fiscal year - calendar year
Flag description the flag of Australia is used divided diagonally from upper hoist-side corner; the upper triangle is red with a soaring yellow bird of paradise centered; the lower triangle is black with five, white, five-pointed stars of the Southern Cross constellation centered
GDP - purchasing power parity - $12.2 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture: 30%


industry: 37%


services: 33% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $2,400 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - -2.5% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates 18 00 S, 152 00 E 6 00 S, 147 00 E
Geography - note important nesting area for birds and turtles shares island of New Guinea with Indonesia; one of world's largest swamps along southwest coast
Heliports - 2 (2002)
Highways - total: 19,600 km


paved: 686 km


unpaved: 18,914 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%: 2%


highest 10%: 41% (1996) (1996)
Imports - $1.024 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.)
Imports - commodities - machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, fuels, chemicals
Imports - partners - Australia 50%, Singapore 20%, Japan 4%, NZ 4%, Indonesia 3%, Malaysia 3%, US 2% (2000)
Independence - 16 September 1975 (from the Australian-administered UN trusteeship)
Industrial production growth rate - NA%
Industries - copra crushing, palm oil processing, plywood production, wood chip production; mining of gold, silver, and copper; crude oil production; construction, tourism
Infant mortality rate - 56.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - 10.3% (2001 est.)
International organization participation - ACP, APEC, ARF (dialogue partner), AsDB, ASEAN (associate member), C, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OPCW, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 3 (2000)
Irrigated land 0 sq km (1998 est.) NA sq km
Judicial branch - Supreme Court (the chief justice is appointed by the governor general on the proposal of the National Executive Council after consultation with the minister responsible for justice; other judges are appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission)
Labor force - 2.3 million (1999)
Labor force - by occupation - agriculture 85%, industry NA%, services NA%
Land boundaries 0 km total: 820 km


border countries: Indonesia 820 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (mostly grass or scrub cover) (2001)		 arable land: 0.13%


permanent crops: 1.35%


other: 98.52% (1998 est.)
Languages - English spoken by 1%-2%, pidgin English widespread, Motu spoken in Papua region


note: 715 indigenous languages
Legal system the laws of Australia, where applicable, apply based on English common law
Legislative branch - unicameral National Parliament - sometimes referred to as the House of Assembly (109 seats, 89 elected from open electorates and 20 from provincial electorates; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 14-28 June 1997 (next to be held 15 June 2002)


election results: percent of vote by party - PPP 15%, Pangu Pati 14%, NA 14%, PDM 8%, PNC 6%, PAP 5%, UP 3%, NP 1%, PUP 1%, independents 33%; seats by party - PPP 16, Pangu Pati 15, NA 15, PDM 9, PNC 7, PAP 5, UP 3, NP 1, PUP 1, independents 37; note - association with political parties is very fluid
Life expectancy at birth - total population: 63.83 years


male: 61.73 years


female: 66.03 years (2002 est.)
Literacy - definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 64.5%


male: 72%


female: 57% (2000)
Location Oceania, islands in the Coral Sea, northeast of Australia Southeastern Asia, group of islands including the eastern half of the island of New Guinea between the Coral Sea and the South Pacific Ocean, east of Indonesia
Map references Oceania Oceania
Maritime claims territorial sea: 3 nm


exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm		 measured from claimed archipelagic baselines


continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation


exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine - total: 22 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 40,911 GRT/58,723 DWT


ships by type: bulk 1, cargo 10, chemical tanker 1, combination ore/oil 3, container 1, petroleum tanker 3, roll on/roll off 3


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Singapore 2, United Kingdom 7
(2002 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of Australia; visited regularly by the Royal Australian Navy; Australia has control over the activities of visitors -
Military branches - Papua New Guinea Defense Force (includes Ground Force, Maritime Operations Element, and Air Operations Element)
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $42 million (FY98)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 1% (FY98)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49: 1,338,003 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49: 740,085 (2002 est.)
National holiday - Independence Day, 16 September (1975)
Nationality - noun: Papua New Guinean(s)


adjective: Papua New Guinean
Natural hazards occasional tropical cyclones active volcanism; situated along the Pacific "Ring of Fire"; the country is subject to frequent and sometimes severe earthquakes; mud slides; tsunamis
Natural resources NEGL gold, copper, silver, natural gas, timber, oil, fisheries
Net migration rate - 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Political parties and leaders - Melanesian Alliance Party or MAP [leader NA]; National Alliance or NA [George MANDA, party president]; National Front Party [leader NA]; National Party or NP [Michael MEL]; Papua New Guinea Revival Party [John PUNDARI]; Papua New Guinea United Party or Pangu Pati [Chris HAIVETA]; People's Action Party or PAP [Ted DIRO]; People's Democratic Movement or PDM [Sir Mekere MORAUTA]; People's Labor Party or PLP [Peter YAMA]; People's National Congress or PNC [Bill SKATE]; People's Progress Party or PPP [Michael NALI]; People's Unity Party or PUP [Alfred KAIABE]; United Party or UP [Rimbiuk PATO]


note: more than 40 political parties have registered to participate in the June 2002 elections
Political pressure groups and leaders - NA
Population no indigenous inhabitants


note: there is a staff of three to four at the meteorological station (2004 est.)		 5,172,033 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line - 37%
Population growth rate - 2.39% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors none; offshore anchorage only Kieta, Lae, Madang, Port Moresby, Rabaul
Radio broadcast stations - AM 8, FM 19, shortwave 28 (1998)
Radios - 410,000 (1997)
Railways - 0 km
Religions - Roman Catholic 22%, Lutheran 16%, Presbyterian/Methodist/London Missionary Society 8%, Anglican 5%, Evangelical Alliance 4%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1%, other Protestant 10%, indigenous beliefs 34%
Sex ratio - at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.07 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.9 male(s)/female


total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage - 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system - general assessment: services are adequate and being improved; facilities provide radiotelephone and telegraph, coastal radio, aeronautical radio, and international radio communication services


domestic: mostly radiotelephone


international: submarine cables to Australia and Guam; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean); international radio communication service
Telephones - main lines in use - 61,152 (1999)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 3,053 (1996)
Television broadcast stations - 3 (all in the Port Moresby area)


note: additional stations at Mt. Hagen, Goroka, Lae, and Rabaul are planned (2002)
Terrain sand and coral reefs and islands (or cays) mostly mountains with coastal lowlands and rolling foothills
Total fertility rate - 4.21 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate - NA%
Waterways - 10,940 km
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